Following an M.S. in chemistry, Dr. Clarence Smith received an M.D. and a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of Tours (France). She is Board Certified in Neurology (Paris, France). Following a post-doctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins Medical School, she joined Sanofi, a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France. From 1980 to 1987 she headed the CNS group (discovery and clinical trials worldwide). In 1987, she was recruited by Hoffmann-La Roche (Basel, Switzerland), where she headed Phase I to Phase III clinical projects in Neurology. In 1989, she was transferred to Hoffman-La Roche (Nutley, NJ) as Senior Director, CNS Clinical Development, and headed Neurology development programs worldwide. In 1992, she moved to Washington, DC, and joined Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, to head clinical trials, Phase I through Phase III, in Neurology and Psychiatry. In 1996 she founded Prestwick Scientific Capital, Inc. and later, Prestwick Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Clarence-Smith is also the Founder of Prestwick Chemical, Inc., a medicinal chemistry company.